![]() Is there solid justification for regarding knowledge in the natural sciences more highly than another area of knowledge? Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge. (Maya Angelou) Answer with reference to two areas of knowledge. To what extent do you agree with the claim that "there’s a world of difference between truth and facts". Can there be knowledge that is independent of culture? Discuss with reference to mathematics and one other area of knowledge. These thoughts, and others, will be developed here shortly: come back soon! However, are there some facts which rely on minds for their existence, such that if minds ceased to exist those facts would too? Whether or not anyone does think, or ever has thought, about it. Some facts undoubtedly exist independently of all minds: the fact that the earth orbits the sun is so, it is a part of reality, It is factual sentences that are true in virtue of the facts. This commits a category mistake.įacts aren't the kind of thing that can be true or false, precisely because they aren't representations, ![]() Many TOK students make the mistake of talking about "true facts". Is therefore claiming to live, literally, in an alternative reality. Someone who claims to live by "alternative facts" Reality therefore comprises, or contains all the facts. True factual sentences are therefore an important way of recording and communicating factual knowledge: knowledge of the facts.įor example, I can use the English sentence "The city of London is on the river Thames" to communicate theįactual knowledge (knowledge of the fact) that the city of London is on the river Thames.įacts are therefore truth makers: they are what exist in reality to make factual sentences true. Is false because, in actual fact, gold is not plastic, but is metal. False factual sentences misrepresent the facts: e.g. Is true because gold is, in actual fact, a metal. the factual English sentence "gold is a metal" True factual sentences describe or represent the actual facts: e.g. Photographs are representations:Īn acceptable passport photo represents the face of the passport owner with a true likeness, for example.įactual sentences are an important kind of representation. Some represent truly, some falsely (misrepresent things). The kinds of things that can be true or false are representations: they represent things as being a certain way: ![]() do all facts exist independently of all minds?.facts are truth-makers - what make true sentences true.truth is a property of representations, e.g.Thoughts to consider with essay 2 include: Title 2: To what extent do you agree with the claim that "there’s a world of difference between truth and facts". The posts also provide links to discussions of WoKs, AoKsĪnd real-life examples so it's worth following or liking them: How easy it is to identify essays with a common source.Īt any time, you can access free podcasts, videos, and articles, relevant to your IB ToK essay or presentation, ![]() As an experienced philosophy and ToK examiner I know Structure as many others and will likely be considered as plagiarised. First, you don't know with whom you are dealing. In particular, basing your essays on downloaded templatesĬarries considerable risks. Of simply repeating phrases and words from ToK websites. I briefly mention some points to consider for each topic below however, the personalised service I offer is tailored to each If we conclude that there is some knowledge we should not pursue on ethical grounds, how can we determine the boundaries of acceptable investigation within an area of knowledge? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge. How can we distinguish between good and bad interpretations? Discuss with reference to the arts and one other area of knowledge. How do historians and human scientists give knowledge meaning through the telling of stories? Discuss with reference to history and the human sciences. Here are links to ideas and suggestions relating to the the six May 2022 IB ToK Essay topics:
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